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17. A Study on Human Evolution and Cultural Complexity in the Asian Paleolithic (The Complex Tapestry of Asian Paleolithic Human Evolution and Culture)

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1. Introduction: A New Paradigm for Eurasian Hominin Dispersal Asia has long been regarded as an “outpost” in human evolution, but recent archaeological, genetic, and paleoanthropological discoveries substantiate that Asia was a complex and independent center stage for human evolution1. This paper aims to holistically analyze the patterns of early human migration out of Africa, […]

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16. Africa, Where It All Began: Rediscovering the Paleolithic Era

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We often think that humanity suddenly became “modern” in Europe around 40,000 to 50,000 years ago, with the abrupt appearance of art and sophisticated tools. This event, often called the “Human Revolution,” has long been the orthodox view in academia. But is that really the case? Remarkable discoveries pouring out of Africa recently show that

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15. Homo naledi: Questions Posed by the ‘Ghost’ Hominin in the Dark

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Human evolution was not a straight road leading from apes to humans. It was like a complex maze with numerous branching paths. Discovered in the deep, dark caves of South Africa in 2013, Homo naledi is the most bizarre and shocking existence within this maze. We explore this mysterious being: a hominin with a brain

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14. Was Lord of the Rings Real? The Shocking Truth of the ‘Hobbit’ Human Revealed After 20 Years

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In 2003, a shocking fossil was discovered in a cave on the remote island of Flores, Indonesia, shaking the history of anthropology. This human, small and strange like a ‘Hobbit’ from a fantasy novel, is named Homo floresiensis. Immediately after the discovery, a fierce debate erupted: “Is this a sick modern human?” vs. “Is this

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13. Denisovans: From Ghost to Reality, Another Human Species That Ruled Asia

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Introduction: The Shock of a Single Finger Bone In 2008, a tiny fragment of a finger bone was discovered in Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains of Siberia1. At the time, no one knew this would rewrite the history of human evolution. In 2010, Dr. Svante Pääbo’s team analyzed the DNA extracted from this bone

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12. We Misunderstood Them: The True Face of Neanderthals Revealed by Modern Science

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Once, we called them ‘dim-witted primitives.’ We imagined them with stooped backs, hairy appearances, and beast-like intelligence. However, amazing studies published over the last decade have completely overturned this old prejudice. They spoke, enjoyed art, and cared for their sick families with great devotion. Today, I will tell you the real story of our brothers

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11. Humanity’s Hidden Ancestor, Homo heidelbergensis: A Key to Evolution Found Within the Chaos

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The most complex and fiercely debated period in the history of human evolution is the ‘Middle Pleistocene.’ Homo heidelbergensis, the species that dominated this era, was not a simple primitive human. They possessed massive brains and powerful bodies, practiced sophisticated hunting, and knew how to mourn their dead. Based on recent genetic analyses and radiocarbon

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10. The Real-Life King Kong: Revealing the True Identity of ‘Gigantopithecus’

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Have you ever seen the movie King Kong? The sight of a colossal creature climbing skyscrapers and fighting dinosaurs is always overwhelming. But surprisingly, did you know that there was a “giant ape that actually existed” which served as the model for this movie monster? It is Gigantopithecus blacki. Some people believe that the Himalayan

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09. Homo Erectus: We Have Been Misunderstanding Them

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Hello! Today, I want to talk about our ancestor, ‘Homo erectus,’ who roamed the widest lands for the longest time in human evolutionary history. Please forget the illustration of the stooped ape you saw in textbooks. The Homo erectus revealed by recent studies might have been a ‘capable individual’ comparable to modern humans, and perhaps

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08. Meeting the First “True” Human: Homo ergaster

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About 1.9 million years ago in Africa, a massive turning point arrived in the history of human evolution. Passing the era of Australopithecus, who moved back and forth between trees, a being finally appeared that strode confidently on two legs upon the ground. The protagonist of this story is Homo ergaster, the first early human

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